Lista das principais fomes na Índia britânica
Esta é uma cronologia das principais fomes no subcontinente indiano durante os anos de domínio britânico na Índia entre 1765 a 1947. As fomes incluídas aqui ocorreram tanto nos estados principescos (regiões administradas pelos governantes indianos) e a Índia britânica (regiões administrada pela Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais entre 1765-1857, ou pela Coroa Britânica no Raj britânico de 1858-1947). O ano de 1765 é escolhido como o ano de início porque nesse ano a Companhia Britânica das Índias Orientais, após a sua vitória na Batalha de Buxar, foi concedido o Diwani (direitos às receitas de terra) na região de Bengala (embora não diretamente administrasse Bengala até 1784, quando foi concedido o Nizamat, ou o controle da lei e da ordem.) O ano de 1947 é o ano em que o Raj britânico foi dissolvido e os novos países sucessores, o Domínio da Índia e o Domínio do Paquistão, nasceram.
Cronologia
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Notas
editar- ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume III 1907, pp. 501–502
- ↑ Cambridge 1983, p. 528
- ↑ Cambridge 1983, p. 299
- ↑ Grove 2007, p. 80
- ↑ Grove 2007, p. 83
- ↑ a b c d e Fieldhouse 1996, p. 132
- ↑ Cambridge 1983, p. 529
- ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume III 1907, p. 488
- ↑ Hall-Matthews 2008, p. 4
- ↑ Davis 2001, p. 7
- ↑ Cambridge 1983, p. 530
- ↑ a b Cambridge 1983, p. 531
Referências
editarFomes
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- Arnold, David; Moore, R. I. (1991), Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change (New Perspectives on the Past), ISBN 0631151192, Wiley-Blackwell. Pp. 164
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- The Cambridge economic history of India, Volume 2, ISBN 9780521228022, Cambridge University Press, 1983
- Davis, Mike (2001), Late Victorian Holocausts, ISBN 9781859847398, Verso Books
- Dutt, Romesh Chunder, Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India, ISBN 1402151152, 1900 (reprinted 2005), London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd (reprinted by Adamant Media Corporation)
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- Dyson, Time (ed.) (1989), India's Historical Demography: Studies in Famine, Disease and Society, Riverdale MD: The Riverdale Company. Pp. ix, 296
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Epidemias e Saúde Pública
editar- Banthia, Jayant; Dyson, Tim (1999), «Smallpox in Nineteenth-Century India», Population and Development Review, 25 (4): 649–689, doi:10.2307/172481
- Caldwell, John C. (1998), «Malthus and the Less Developed World: The Pivotal Role of India», Population and Development Review, 24 (4): 675–696, doi:10.2307/2808021
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- Derbyshire, I. D. (1987), «Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860-1914», Population Studies, 21 (3): 521–545, doi:10.2307/312641
- Klein, Ira (1988), «Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India», Modern Asian Studies, 22 (4): 723–755, doi:10.2307/312523
- Watts, Sheldon (1999), «British Development Policies and Malaria in India 1897-c. 1929», Past and Present (165): 141–181, doi:10.2307/651287
- Wylie, Diana (2001), «Disease, Diet, and Gender: Late Twentieth Century Perspectives on Empire», in: Winks, Robin, Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography, ISBN 0199246807, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 277–289